Which mash temperature range results in a less attenuative beer?

The temperature range of 150-160°F is significant in the brewing process because it creates an environment that promotes the activity of enzymes responsible for breaking down starches into fermentable sugars as well as some unfermentable sugars. The enzymes involved, particularly alpha-amylase and beta-amylase, function optimally at these middle temperatures.

When mashing occurs in this range, the balance between fermentable and unfermentable sugars tilts slightly towards producing more unfermentable sugars. This results in a beer with greater body and sweetness but lower attenuation. Essentially, the higher proportion of residual sugars that are not converted into alcohol contributes to a fuller flavor profile and a higher final specific gravity, indicating less attenuation.

In contrast, lower mash temperatures (like 140-150°F) yield a more fermentable wort, leading to higher attenuation and drier beers. Higher temperatures (160-170°F and above) can further reduce the activity of beta-amylase, leading to an even greater production of unfermentable sugars but also resulting in potential extraction issues and increased viscosity in the mash. However, while the highest temperatures might produce less fermentability, the optimal point for achieving a balance of body and sweetness rests within the