What is gypsum chemically known as?

Gypsum is chemically known as calcium sulfate, which is its IUPAC name. Its formula is CaSO₄, indicating that it consists of calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), and oxygen (O) components. Gypsum is commonly found in sedimentary deposits and has various uses, including in the production of plaster, wallboard, and as a soil amendment in agriculture to improve soil structure and drainage.

The other options do not represent gypsum: calcium carbonate (the first option) is a different compound commonly found in marine organisms and is the primary component of limestone; sodium chloride (the second option) is table salt, made of sodium and chlorine; and magnesium sulfate (the fourth option), often referred to as Epsom salts, contains magnesium and sulfate. Each of these compounds serves different functions and is used in various industries, but they are distinct from gypsum in terms of chemical composition and properties.