What does final gravity represent in brewing?

Final gravity refers specifically to the density of the beer once fermentation has completed. It is a critical measurement in brewing, as it provides insight into the beer's residual sugar content and the extent to which fermentation has taken place. After the yeast has consumed the fermentable sugars, the final gravity offers a gauge of how much sugar remains in the beer. This measurement is particularly important for calculating alcohol by volume (ABV) and for understanding the sweetness and body of the finished product.

The other options do not accurately capture the meaning of final gravity. The initial sugar content before fermentation would be represented by original gravity, while sediment formation does not have a direct relationship with the gravity measurements. Total fermentation time pertains to the duration of fermentation rather than the specific gravity measurements taken at different stages. Final gravity is a crucial aspect of evaluating the brewing process and ensuring quality in the final product.