What could be a consequence of excessive heat during fermentation?

Excessive heat during fermentation can lead to increased production of off-flavors. High temperatures can cause yeast to become stressed and can accelerate fermentation beyond the intended flavor profile. This can result in the production of unwanted byproducts, such as fusel alcohols and esters that contribute to off-flavors.

Yeast operates best within a certain temperature range, and straying too far above this range can also inhibit some strains of yeast, leading to atypical flavors and aromas that detract from the overall quality of the finished beer. Understanding the thermal tolerance of yeast strains is crucial for brewers to maintain the desired characteristics of their beverages.

The other options relate to effects that may not be direct results of excessive heat. For example, decreased carbonation can be related to a lack of yeast activity over time, which isn’t specifically tied to heat. A slower fermentation process might occur with lower fermentation temperatures rather than excessive heat. More sediment might be linked to the brewing process or ingredients rather than directly to heat during fermentation.