How much better is the utilization of pellets compared to cone hops?

The utilization of hop pellets compared to whole cone hops is significantly improved due to several factors related to the physical properties and processing of the hops. Pellets are more densely compacted and have a larger surface area relative to their volume, which allows for more efficient extraction of essential oils and alpha acids during the brewing process. This results in a higher percentage of the hop's desirable compounds being extracted into the wort.

Research typically indicates that the utilization of hop pellets can lead to a 15% to 20% improvement in efficiency when used in brewing, especially during the boil where alpha acids are isomerized, contributing to the bitterness of the beer. The choice of 15% reflects a commonly accepted figure found in various brewing studies and resources comparing the two forms of hops, thereby making it the correct answer.

The higher utilization rate of pellets not only enhances bittering but also can impact flavor and aroma, which are crucial for the overall quality of the beer.